Atomic force microscope observation of the surfaces of natural articular cartilage

Hydrophilic and negatively charged natural cartilage surface is covered by phospholipids bilayers. These have been demonstrated to exert highly desirable characteristics on the articular such as efficient lubrication, load processing, semipermeability for nutrient transport. We examined a bovine (BC) using atomic force microscope. The study was performed samples with healthy surfaces completely depleted phospholipids. artificially degraded (lipid depleted) were resurfaced different species combinations of synthetic bilayer found in human joints. Our results that it possible recreate potentially viable layer degenerated cartilage. However, further studies will be required advance resurfacing idea developed this paper potential treatment osteoarthritis other related orthopedic joint conditions.